Redesigned SAT Writing and Language Test

Redesigned SAT Writing and Language Test In March of 2016, the College Board will administer the first Redesigned SAT test to students across the country. This new Redesigned SAT test looks incredibly different from the current exam! One of the major changes is the retiring of the Writing test. It will be replaced by the Evidence-Based Reading and Writing section, of which, the Writing and Language test is a major part. This page explains what you can expect to find from that portion when you sit for the exam in 2016.   Check out the Current SAT vs. Redesigned SAT chart for an easy explanation of each tests format.  Want to know even more about the redesign? Check out  Redesigned SAT 101  for  all  the facts.   Aim of the SAT Writing and Language Test According to the College Board, The basic aim of the redesigned SAT’s Writing and Language Test is to determine whether students can demonstrate college and career readiness proficiency in revising and editing a range of texts in a variety of content areas, both academic and career related, for development, organization, and effective language use and for conformity to the conventions of standard written English grammar, usage, and punctuation. Format of the SAT Writing and Language Test 4 complete passages 4 sections44 multiple-choice questions 11 questions per passage35 minutes 8 minutes 45 seconds per passage if youd like to plan your time. You will not be given only 8 minutes 45 seconds per passage – you may distribute the 35 minutes any way youd like.    Passage Information What exactly will you be reading on this Writing and Language test? Well, first, each of the four sections passages will be between 400 - 450 words for a total of 1700, so each is a manageable portion of text. One of the passages will be from a career perspective. Another text will relate to History or Social Studies. The third passage will relate to Humanities and the fourth will relate to Science. Youll also see one or more graphics in one or more of the test sections. In addition, the purposes of each passage will vary somewhat. One or two of the passages will make an argument; one or two will inform or explain; and one will be a nonfiction narrative. So, if youre a visual learner, here is an imagined example of what your Writing and Language test could look like: Section 1: A 425-word argument passage about the need for diversity in the workplace. 1 chart showing the percentages of ethnicities in healthcare. 11 questions Section 2: A 410-word passage explaining Julius Caesars reign. 11 questions Section 3: A 430-word passage arguing for an increase in nutrient-rich foods in cafeterias of Floridian schools. 1 table describing the daily nutrition of available lunches. 11 questions Section 4: A 435-word passage telling a story about a specific doctors use of robotics in her surgical procedures. 11 questions Writing and Language Skills Tested Youll have 44 questions; might as well figure out the skills those questions are designed to measure! On this exam, you should be able to do the following: Development: Add, revise, or retain central ideas, main claims, counterclaims, topic sentences, and the like to structure text and convey arguments, information, and ideas.Add, revise, or retain information and ideas (e.g., details, facts, statistics) intended to support claims or points in text clearly and effectively.Add, revise, retain, or delete information and ideas in text for the sake of relevance to topic and purpose.Relate information presented quantitatively in such forms as graphs, charts, and tables to information presented in text. Organization: Revise text as needed to ensure that information and ideas are presented in the most logical order.Revise text as needed to improve the beginning or ending of a text or paragraph to ensure that transition words, phrases, or sentences are used effectively to connect information and ideas. Effective Language Use: Revise text as needed to improve the exactness or content appropriateness of word choice.Revise text as needed to improve the economy of word choice (i.e., to eliminate wordiness and redundancy).Revise text as necessary to ensure consistency of style and tone within a text or to improve the match of style and tone to purpose. Use various sentence structures to accomplish needed rhetorical purposes. Sentence Structure: Recognize and correct grammatically incomplete sentences (e.g., rhetorically inappropriate fragments and run-ons).Recognize and correct problems in coordination and subordination in sentences.Recognize and correct problems in parallel structure in sentences.Recognize and correct problems in modifier placement (e.g., misplaced or dangling modifiers).Recognize and correct inappropriate shifts in verb tense, voice, and mood within and between sentences.Recognize and correct inappropriate shifts in pronoun person and number within and between sentences. Conventions of Usage: Recognize and correct pronouns with unclear or ambiguous antecedents.Recognize and correct cases in which possessive determiners (its, your, their), contractions (it’s, you’re, they’re), and adverbs (there) are confused with each other.Recognize and correct lack of agreement between pronoun and antecedent.Recognize and correct lack of agreement between subject and verb.Recognize and correct lack of agreement between nouns.Recognize and correct instances in which a word or phrase is confused with another (e.g., accept/except, allusion/illusion).Recognize and correct cases in which unlike terms are compared.Recognize and correct cases in which a given expression is inconsistent with standard written English. Conventions of Punctuation: Recognize and correct inappropriate uses of ending punctuation in cases in which the context makes the intent clear.Correctly use and recognize and correct inappropriate uses of colons, semicolons, and dashes to indicate sharp breaks in thought within sentences.Recognize and correct inappropriate uses of possessive nouns and pronouns as well as differentiate between possessive and plural forms.Correctly use and recognize and correct inappropriate uses of punctuation (commas and sometimes semicolons) to separate items in a series.Correctly use punctuation (commas, parentheses, dashes) to set off nonrestrictive and parenthetical sentence elements as well as recognize and correct cases in which restrictive or essential sentence elements are inappropriately set off with punctuation.Recognize and correct cases in which unnecessary punctuation appears in a sentence. Preparing for the Redesigned SAT Writing and Language Test The College Board and the Khan Academy are offering free test prep for students interested in getting ready for the exam. You read that correctly: Free. Check it out!

The relationship between play and creativity Essay - 1

The relationship between play and creativity - Essay Example This close association between play and creativity has prompted practitioners and educators to design creative curriculum fostering creative environments in early school education. This paper seeks to review the literature on the relationship between play and creativity and the insights gained from the review will be beneficial for further interdisciplinary researches in this regard. A large number of researchers have tried to unearth how pretend play and elaborated role play are associated with creativity. Russ & Wallace (2013) regard pretend play among children as a creative act that is capable of stimulating and fostering creativity in adulthood. Pretend play triggers cognitive, affective, and interpersonal processes that are essential for the development of one’s creativity (Russ & Wallace, 2013, p. 136). The potential of pretend play to develop mature emotional control has also been documented in the literature. Hoffmann & Russ (2012, p. 182), in this respect, point out that children with higher levels of imagination, affect and organization during pretend play are better able to self-regulate and manage their emotions. Creativity researchers identify that both creativity and pretend play are characterized by cognitive abilities, the ability to create a variety of ideas, divergent thinking, broad associative skills, insight, cognitive flexibility, and perspective taking (Russ & Wallace, 2013, p. 137). The authors perceive pretend play as the creative outcome of children and emphasize on the need to undertake more in-depth researches on pretend play as a measure or predictor of creativity. The article throws light on a number of theories that explain how pretend play promotes creativity among children. Evolutionary theorists argue that pretend play prepare children for necessary adult activities; they claim that pretend play offers unique opportunity for children to practice with the skills of problem

Disaster Plan Assignment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Disaster Plan Assignment - Research Paper Example The stress test examines the stability of the system on while handling many simultaneous functions and processes. Stress testing is far beyond normal operations as it can be categorized in to application stress testing and hardware stress testing. The strict security measures, both in terms of physical and software security. Biometric identification system and encryption techniques can be implemented to minimize database security. Moreover, the third step would be to replicate the core services that are running on a specific server or workstation. This will facilitate the employees to entertain the patients, whenever a primary server goes down. Plans and Changes In order to minimize system failure for future, risk analysis is required that will identify all the critical systems on the network. It will also demonstrate the factors that may disrupt the critical system on the network. Moreover, it also includes the implementation of adequate controls in order to prevent system failures. Daily backups are required on daily basis and a mechanism is required that will check the integrity of the backup at the same time, if the backup is corrupt, new backup can be requested at the same time. It is essential to prevent the backup database also by applying adequate security measures, as database contents are highly classified. In case of a natural disaster, data must be relocated on a separate data center situated far away geographically. Furthermore, to eliminate power issues, ‘PoE’ can be implemented to minimize electric outage as it contains its own separate electric channel for the workstation and network devices. Root Cause Analysis The major impact that contributed to the system failure problem is the instability of Tech Med system as well as the application that creates database backup. However, primary source of power was restored instantly and replaced by the secondary link. The impact of Tech Med system resulted in halting all the operations associ ated with Jones Regional Medical Center (JRMC). Moreover, the impact of corrupt database backup resulted in a major halt in system operations of the medical center. Manual entries were conducted, as full database recovery is required from journal articles to transactions. Likewise, when the system is not operational, the staff at the medical center has noted all the operational processes manually so that they can be entered, when the system becomes operational. Disaster Recovery Plan The disaster recovery plan covering all the issues and counter measures is demonstrated below (Sandhu, 2002): Threats Counter Measures Power Failure Alternate power distribution link Database Failure Backing up data on 3 different locations at the same time by disk mirroring, ciphering, DLT or manual backup on daily basis. System Failure Alternate system to replace the affected system Theft Lock Cabinets IP cameras, biometric fingerprint identification, Vandalism Hard steel box for Servers and Databases Flood Relocating or replicating the network room Create a duplicate or replica of crucial data servers that are geographically located away Fire water sprinklers, Fire extinguishers Earthquake Relocating data with data centers that are geographically located away Determining the Amount The initial step is to identity the information assets on the network along with the services associated with it. The next

Paramount Furniture Marketing Opportunities

Paramount Furniture Marketing Opportunities Davinder Kumar Task 1 My company name is paramount furniture which is in New Zealand. we made lots of products like sofa, corner suites, beds, chairs and sofa bed etc. we are also selling a coffee table and dining tables. Recently we start making a love suites and New Zealand people very like them. Now we think about export the love suites in international market like Dubai, Germany. If we export our products to Dubai and Germany we can get lots of money and in this way, our business become growing. We made love suites with New Zealand pine wood, good quality of foam and fiber. Â   Â   love suite Task 2 Environmental factor: Political factor Political stability If the political factor is not stable due to any reason so it will bad effect on our exporting products because people will not buy our products due to any strike and war. In Germany, the political factors are not stabile some so they effect on our production, but in Dubai the politically stability so they continuous buy love suites from our company Corruption risk Dubai is count in a low-crime and politically-stable country. Also, the UAE appreciates with financial and economic stability. So, paramount furniture can easily be dealing with Dubai. It is well-developed, cultured banking system features wide credit services. On the other hand, there are many corruption risk in Germany like make fake documents and illegal offers. But these kind of corruption is not effect on international marketing. Legal and regulatory requirements In Dubai and Germany, all people follows the government rules and regulations. So, we can export our love suites easily and legally in the Dubai and Germany. Because if people doing work with all rules and regulations so the countrys government also helps him. Trade structure Germany is the 3rd largest country which export lots of products from another countries and Dubai is the 2nd largest country in the world. So, paramount furniture dealing easily with these countries. Because these countries mostly export lots of products from other countries. Economic factor GDP per capita Gross domestics products has four main factors like government expenditure, investment in business, export import, personal feeding. The GDP in Dubai and Germany are very good for exporting any product. So, we can export our product easily with these countries. The rate of exchanging the currency are inspiration the distribute and import in country. Income distribution The income distribution has put bad effect on international marketing in (Dubai and Germany). Because every people is not rich in these countries, the poor people buy cheaper products from their countries. So, it will put bad effect on paramounts products. Foreign exchange Every country dealing with US dollar in international market, Dubai and Germany also dealing with US dollar in international market. If the dollar price change It will also effect on the export and import business. If the dollar price increase it will good for paramount furnitures product which they are export to the Dubai and Germany otherwise it will bid for paramount furniture. Economic cycle Business cycle is called economic cycle. Economic cycle has four phases in business successful, growing, slump and downturn. Sociocultural factor Linguistic fragmentation It is called difference in language. The linguistic fragmentation is also impact on international marketing. Because in every country people speak different languages like in Dubai mostly people speak Arabic and in Germany people German so many people dont understand English language. So, people which are lived in Dubai and Germany they didnt understand English. Thats why they impact on paramount furnitures product because if the paramount furniture export their products in these countries they will hire a translator. Culture factor- Sometime this factor also impact on international marketing. Because in every country there are different people and they believe in different culture. Some people respect to the all culture but some people dont like other culture. So, the culture factor impact on paramount furniture exporting business because in Dubai and Germany people are very serious about their culture and they are not want to dealing with other cultures people. Lifestyle patterns Lifestyle factor also impact on international marketing because in NZ mostly people like small sofa sets according their houses but in Dubai mostly people are very rich and they like big sofa sets but there are middle class people live in Germany so they like the sofa set according their lifestyle. Dominant values There are many different people live in different countries like in Dubai mostly people are rich as compared to Germany, sometime rich people dominant other people with their money power. so, dominant values impact on the international marketing. Technological factor Level of technological skills The technological skills also impact on international marketing because the technology is very important for business in these era, everyone depend on technology. Paramount furniture will easily deal with Dubai because they have very good technology but Germany has a low technology system. So, it will impact on marketing. Existing production technology This is very important technological factor and they impact international marketing because if paramount furniture wants to export their products to Dubai and Germany so, they should have a large production of those product. If the companys production rate high they can get more profit to supply their product in Dubai and Germany. Education level Education is must important in every field, if you have a good education you can do a good business easily. this factor also impact on business because if company have a good educational staff they can deal easily with other countries. Paramount furniture selected good qualified staff for dealing because in Dubai and Germany, the education system is very good. So, we are easily dealing with these two countries. Cost involved Money is very important in business field. So, the cost factor also impact on international marketing. For example, in these days technology change day by day and every company update their system with new technology but it is very expensive so the paramount furniture spent lot of money on updating their system. In this way companys get more profit because everyone use technology in business field. Task 3 Geographical factor Physical size of country This factor also impact on international marketing. For example, there are 4.4 million population in Dubai and 80.6 million population in Germany but the economics of Dubai is good as compare to same so paramount furniture will getting more profit from Dubai because Dubai economic is very rich so mostly they buy international product. Economic of Dubai Economic of Germany Topographical characteristics These characteristics are same as the physical size of countries factor but this factor focus about the area about countries. Dubai has a 4,114-km square and Germany have a 357,168-km square so the Dubai has a less area as compared to Germany. Climate conditions Climate condition also effects on the international marketing. Dubai has a hot desert climate condition. because the Dubai located in the northern desert belt and Germany has a very good weather conditions because it is a temperate country with warm summers and cold winter. Mostly people buy new things in good warm climate so the climate condition of Dubai and Germany are not impact on paramount furnitures products. Demographic characteristics: Size of population- This demographic characteristic also impact on international marketing because if any country has a big population so in these countries there are more products demands than others countries. In Dubai, there are 4.4 million people live there and 80.6 million population in Germany. So according paramount furniture they should supply more cheaper products to Germany as compare to Dubai because the economy of Germany is not very good but population of Germany is more than Dubai. Rate of population growth- The rate of population growth is also impact on international marketing because every product demands according the population growth. If the population rate is high in any country so the products demands is more. In the Dubai, there are 10% population increase in every year but there are only 0.2% population increase in Germany every year. So, paramount furniture will be getting more profit from Dubai in future according the rate of population. Age structure- This factor impact on the import and export business because the young generation (20 to 30) and middle age (30 to 60) people buy more products than other people. Paramount furniture done some survey about the ages of people in Dubai and Germany and according the survey mostly 20 6 0 years old people live in these two countries. So, paramount furniture can be dealing easily with these countries and people will loves the paramount furnitures product. Distribution- The distribution is very important factor in international marketing. Every people wants products as soon as possible when they ordered. So, paramount furniture should have good distribution system for dealing with Dubai and Germany. For example: if customers not receive their product on the time so they will never advertise your products and they refer to their relatives to use other companys products. It will be bad for companys productions and sales. So, paramount furniture should have a good distribution system. Income- Income is also most important demographic factor in the import and export business. If peoples have a good income so they buy new products but many people are not very rich in this world. In the Dubai, mostly people are rich and economy of Dubai is also very rich on the other hand Germany economy is not rich and mostly poor people live in Germany. Paramount furniture will get more profile for dealing with Dubai as compared to Germany. Task 4 4.1 International trade agreement relevant to New Zealand (Dubai and Germany) New Zealand trading many things into the international marketing. New Zealand export lots of products to Dubai and Germany like furniture, kiwi, wood, milk, beef etc. The Dubai is the 2nd largest partner with Asia union. Many New Zealand companies export furniture to Dubai and the Dubai is the one of the country which helps the New Zealand economy growth. There are 178,835 approximately products New Zealand export to the Dubai and they earn 40 million NZD in year 2015. On the other hand, dealing with Germany the total product export by New Zealand to Germany was 78,567 in year 2015. There is open door trading agreement between these countries. The agreement of these countries shows the high charges of eliminate and submission cost is decrease for commodities exporter. This agreement creates lots of opportunities for jobs. 4.2 International market potential of a New Zealand product or service. The market potential is the full or maximum overall sales revenue of the traders during the one time. The market potential show the specific market capacity for providing the many opportunities for the staff. The export between New Zealand and Dubai is running very good because New Zealand earn lots of profit from Dubai. It will be very good in the future. But in the Germany the trading system is not good between New Zealand because Germany economy is not good. The saving income of the Germany and Dubai are the favor of importing products. Many money will come in our company from the FOREX this is the biggest factor of exporting the goods. Conclusion According to me paramount furniture will earn more profit in future from Dubai because of its population and rich economy. They do follow the all rule and regulation before the dealing with Dubai and Germany. Paramount furniture helps the New Zealand economy with US dollar. Recommendation Paramount furniture should be read all trade agreement before dealing with other companies. Paramount furniture should be dealing with US dollar to other countries before transaction. They should be check all documents and paper work before dealing. They should export the cheaper products to Germany. References www.paramountfurniture.co.nz http://www.dubai.ae/en/aboutdubai/Pages/DubaiEconomy.aspx

History of the Development of Brakes :: Design and Technology

History of the Development of Brakes The first brakes were drum brakes. They were metal upon metal, and made a terrible noise, although they did work. Since then, brakes have been made with asbestos, which is heat resistant, hard wearing, and relatively silent. Drum Brake (1890s~1980s) The working parts of a drum brake are contained in a hard metal drum that is attached to the hub of a wheel and revolves with it. Inside, but unattached to the drum, are a pair of stationary curved brake shoes that are normally held away from the drum by springs. When the brake pedal is depressed, fluid is forced through the brake lines and into the wheel cylinder. Pushrods in the cylinder then apply pressure to both shoes, overcoming the spring tension and pressing the shoes against the drum. Hydraulic drum brakes can also be mechanically activated as parking brakes by a cable attached to the lever. When pressure is removed from the brake pedal, springs on the brake shoes force the shoes back to their normal released position. This movement of the shoes forces the pistons inward, returning the fluid to the master cylinder reservoir. Power Brakes (1940s~present) Power brake units used on passenger cars are of four general types: vacuum suspended; air suspended; hydraulic booster, and electro-hydraulic booster. Most power brakes use vacuum suspended units, which contains a large vacuum-powered booster device to provide the added thrust to the typical power-brake. Pressure on the brake pedal pushes forward a rod connected to the pistons of the two master cylinders. The pistons begin forcing fluid into the front and rear brake lines. At the same time, the brake-pedal pushrod positions the vacuum-control valve so that it closes the vacuum port and seals off the forward half of the booster unit. The engine vacuum line then draws off the air, creating a low-pressure vacuum chamber. Atmospheric pressure in the control chamber then pushes against the diaphragm, dividing the two chambers. The pressure on the diaphragm, which is locked to the pushrod, forces it forward, supplying even more pressure on the pistons. The safe driver is always ready to apply the total force needed to stop their vehicle, even if the engine quits (removing the power assist). Disc Brake Disc (1970s~present) Brakes use a clamping action to produce friction between the wheel and the suspension members which hold the wheel. Firmly mounted to the spindle, the caliper works like a c-clamp to pinch the rotor which is attached to the spinning wheel. "Floating" calipers allow themselves to move slightly when the brakes are applied, because only one pad moves (in relation to the caliper). History of the Development of Brakes :: Design and Technology History of the Development of Brakes The first brakes were drum brakes. They were metal upon metal, and made a terrible noise, although they did work. Since then, brakes have been made with asbestos, which is heat resistant, hard wearing, and relatively silent. Drum Brake (1890s~1980s) The working parts of a drum brake are contained in a hard metal drum that is attached to the hub of a wheel and revolves with it. Inside, but unattached to the drum, are a pair of stationary curved brake shoes that are normally held away from the drum by springs. When the brake pedal is depressed, fluid is forced through the brake lines and into the wheel cylinder. Pushrods in the cylinder then apply pressure to both shoes, overcoming the spring tension and pressing the shoes against the drum. Hydraulic drum brakes can also be mechanically activated as parking brakes by a cable attached to the lever. When pressure is removed from the brake pedal, springs on the brake shoes force the shoes back to their normal released position. This movement of the shoes forces the pistons inward, returning the fluid to the master cylinder reservoir. Power Brakes (1940s~present) Power brake units used on passenger cars are of four general types: vacuum suspended; air suspended; hydraulic booster, and electro-hydraulic booster. Most power brakes use vacuum suspended units, which contains a large vacuum-powered booster device to provide the added thrust to the typical power-brake. Pressure on the brake pedal pushes forward a rod connected to the pistons of the two master cylinders. The pistons begin forcing fluid into the front and rear brake lines. At the same time, the brake-pedal pushrod positions the vacuum-control valve so that it closes the vacuum port and seals off the forward half of the booster unit. The engine vacuum line then draws off the air, creating a low-pressure vacuum chamber. Atmospheric pressure in the control chamber then pushes against the diaphragm, dividing the two chambers. The pressure on the diaphragm, which is locked to the pushrod, forces it forward, supplying even more pressure on the pistons. The safe driver is always ready to apply the total force needed to stop their vehicle, even if the engine quits (removing the power assist). Disc Brake Disc (1970s~present) Brakes use a clamping action to produce friction between the wheel and the suspension members which hold the wheel. Firmly mounted to the spindle, the caliper works like a c-clamp to pinch the rotor which is attached to the spinning wheel. "Floating" calipers allow themselves to move slightly when the brakes are applied, because only one pad moves (in relation to the caliper).

Academic skills Essay

Academic skills are also very much emphasised in Singapore’s educational policy as our government values meritocracy. Achieving academic excellence is top priority for all school children in Singapore. Hence, many parents are still not in favour of a play-centred curriculum, as they fear this will not help their children to achieve academic success. With ranking of schools’ performance and learning outcomes; teachers and parents are compelled to neglect play in favour of more â€Å"school-like† activities. Similar to the American context as mentioned earlier, Singaporean parents send their children to many enrichment activities to help them to be outstanding in academic studies as well as extra-curricular activities such as music and golf lessons. As a result, children are much deprived of free play. Many children have not acquired the art of making friends and even the ability to make friendly contacts (Tan et al, 1997) The foregoing examples demonstrate that parental perspectives, socio-economic status, cultural factors, and educational policies are some issues that could negate the value and importance of play to children’s development and be viewed as having no â€Å"real educational experiences† (Leong & Bodrova, 2003, pp. 5). On the contrary, Hughes (1999, p. 109) advises that play is very often the context in which the needs of a growing child are developed and enhanced. It is vital to the development of all facets of the young child – personal awareness, emotional well-being, socialisation, communication, cognition, and perceptual motor skills (Hughes, 1999, p. 62-64, 68-69, 81-109 – 111). There are numerous play processes that help develop these many facets in the young child. Infant games such as peek-a-boo, making funny faces in front of a mirror, and water play in bathtub promote adult-child relationship. Playing also encourages and strengthens awareness of self and others; thus, it facilitates the development of a child’s image of himself and others. Indeed, they are not meaningless play especially when adults play with children, the latter will find adults more fun to be with; it is easier to form attachment that leads to securely attached children. Secure attachment is vital to the growing child: it gives him trust and confidence in his environment; it enables him to venture, explore, and learn about his surroundings (Hughes, 1999, p. 196-197, Gonzalez-Mena & Eyer, 2001, p. 77-79). Therefore, open-ended materials such as blocks enable the child to exercise spatial awareness concepts, perceptual skills, eye-hand coordination as well as pretend play and creative imagination (Van Hoorn & Nourot, p.255-256). Children use mathematical skills and science concepts and ideas to further expand their creativity in their construction with blocks; they will add details and complex structures to their block play (Isenberg & Jalongo, 1997, pp. 275-277). Children make use of their bodies and motor skills to move and stack up blocks that is beneficial to their physical development and strategic planning. Much creativity, divergent thinking, and cognitive skills are developed as children engage in pretend play. Thus, children should not be viewed as â€Å"just playing†. Their minds and thoughts are actively involved as they prepare their own scripts and collaborate to direct their play. They plan, negotiate roles and actions, agree and remind each other about the rules they have made. During pretend play, children get to practise their social skills. For instance, when children are unable to agree to play hospital or grocery store, they compromise by combining both. Hence, children play and learn to problem solve (Leong et al, Mar 2003, Rogers et al, 1998).

History of the Parachute (Inventors and Innovations)