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Hamlet Essay Topics About Mother
Wednesday, August 26, 2020
Information Management - Midterm Assessment Essay
Data Management - Midterm Assessment - Essay Example Every one of these classifications ought to be durably utilized and are imperative for the accomplishment of any undertaking. Various convergences of examination offer understanding to different components. For instance: information on client inclination, area and maintenance (Farasyn et al. 2011: 67). The greatest weapon that P&G had was ostensibly choice examiners who didn't take the customary approaches to get things done as the unrivaled guideline. Tores, Perssini, McDonald and the remainder of the group were a gathering of forward scholars, daring people and a group that esteemed straightforwardness, characteristics that are largely foremost in investigation. They worked superbly of presenting and empowering a diagnostic culture and condition in the organization (Davenport, Thomas, Marco Iansiti, and Serels 2013: 5). 1. Arrangement of cutting-edge information before investigation was adjusted in P&G, chronicled information was depended upon for examination and insights. These implied issues were not seen as they rose yet occasionally after the tempest had passed. Investigation assisted with giving cutting-edge information, all the market changes or buyer conduct changes are handily noted, and issues nipped at the bud when they showed up. A superb model is found in the North America Laundry cleanser Market contextual analysis, if the market development was not seen in time, P&G would thus lose that likely market to contenders had they not tended to the issue of flexibly in time (Davenport 2006: 98). 2. Promoting techniques examination give a decent method to plan advertising systems to yield the best outcome. P&G chose to begin with North America, Ohio and turn out to the remainder of the areas in the wake of contemplating the consumerââ¬â¢s conduct to the new conservative powder. From the discoveries, the group had the option to realize which stores to gracefully another item with. Despite the fact that, at first the deals were hard to follow because of stores that had supplied the more established form of
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Double Negatives to Avoid
Twofold Negatives to Avoid Twofold Negatives to Avoid Twofold Negatives to Avoid By Maeve Maddox A French speaker who says ââ¬Å"Je ne sais rienâ⬠causes a stir among the informed, yet an English speaker who says ââ¬Å"I donââ¬â¢t know nothingâ⬠is quickly set apart as semi-proficient. (French ne compares to English not and rien to nothing.) A few dialects, similar to French and Spanish, have what is called ââ¬Å"negative concord,â⬠utilization that permits two negatives to communicate a solitary nullification without being viewed as erroneous. Twofold negatives in English came to be viewed as ungrammatical after the Middle Ages. Thinking about the wide utilization of twofold negatives in nonstandard English lingos of English, one may ask why the twofold negative is abhorred in the standard tongues. In 1762 an exceptionally learned English diocesan named Robert Lowth (1710-1787) distributed A Short Introduction to English Grammar. The cleric expressed this standard: Two Negatives in English decimate each other, or are comparable to an Affirmative. Lowth was a researcher of Latin and Hebrew. Both those old dialects need negative harmony. Religious administrator Lowthââ¬â¢s conclusion has become our standard. Never use not in a similar sentence as the accompanying: scarcely hardly just (in certain unique circumstances; doesn't make a difference to not onlybut moreover) not one or the other never nobody no one nothing no none Here are a few instances of sentences that once in a while create turmoil in nonstandard lingos, yet which are off base in standard English: Note: the reference mark shows that the sentence is nonstandard. *She was so feeble she couldnââ¬â¢t scarcely sit up. *Scarcely no one went to my gathering. *I canââ¬â¢t remain just a couple of moments. *I didnââ¬â¢t realize neither her phone number nor her location. *I never observed nobody I thought prettier. *I donââ¬â¢t think nothing about structure a fertilizer heap. *We donââ¬â¢t need no training *I donââ¬â¢t need none of those escargots. Here are similar contemplations communicated in standard English: She was so powerless she could scarcely sit up. Hardly anyone went to my gathering. I can remain just a couple of moments. I realized neither her phone number nor her location. I never observed anybody I thought prettier. I donââ¬â¢t know anything about structure a manure heap. We donââ¬â¢t need training I donââ¬â¢t need any of those escargots. Note: Not every twofold negative in English win a F from grammarians. The ââ¬Å"not un-â⬠development mainstream in the seventeenth century is as yet adequate in standard English. For instance, hereââ¬â¢s a remark from a movement article: ââ¬Å"the flavor was unordinary, however not unappealing.â⬠Both not and unappealing are negatives. The thought is that the flavor is excessively peculiar to really be ââ¬Å"appealing,â⬠yet is by the by satisfactory. To express the idea in any case would adjust the writerââ¬â¢s expected importance. Need to improve your English in a short time a day? Get a membership and begin getting our composing tips and activities day by day! Continue learning! Peruse the Style class, check our well known posts, or pick a related post below:Avoid Beginning a Sentence with ââ¬Å"Withâ⬠8 Types of Parenthetical PhrasesTypes of Plots
Friday, August 21, 2020
Best Business Plan Writers
Best Business Plan Writers Best Business Plan Writers Online HomeâºBest Business Plan Writers OnlineTop Business Plan Writers for HireLooking for business plan writers who can articulate your vision? Whether you are a budding business owner or a college student who is working on a project in your business course, there are plenty of business plan writing services out there. Of course, the problem is that while most claim they can deliver on their promises, in the end their actual âbusinessâ plan is to take you to the cleaners. That is not the case with us. For more than a decade, our business plan service has developed a solid reputation for providing aspiring business owners exactly what they need: the best business plan writer to make your idea look perfect on paper. Over the years, our business plan writing services have helped small IT companies, restaurants, fitness centers, and even yoga studios get off the ground by providing sound analysis about the market and developing short- and long-term plan s for success. If you want to see your dreams become a reality, hire the top business plan writers today!Save extra 10% on each and every order by receiving 300 words/page instead of 275 words/page offered by most of the essay writing websites.Want to Start a Business? You Need to Buy a Business Plan
Sunday, May 24, 2020
Difference Between Distributive and Integrative Bargaining
Difference between Distributive and Integrative Bargaining Raymond Yang Garcia 1) The difference between distributive and integrative bargaining Negotiation approaches are generally described as either distributive or integrative. At the heart of each strategy is a measurement of conflict between each partyââ¬â¢s desired outcomes. Consider the following situation. Chris, an entrepreneur, is starting a new business that will occupy most of his free time for the near future. Living in a fancy new development, Chris is concerned that his new business will prevent him from taking care of his lawn, which has strict requirements under neighborhood rules. Not wanting to upset his neighbors, Chris decides to hire Matt to cut his grass. In aâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦In this error, a negotiator views another party through a narrow lens of one attribute. As a result, this one attribute acts like a screen, keeping the negotiator from accurately viewing multiple traits. For example, our entrepreneur Chris may have observed that Matt does a poor job trimming bushes. Consequently, observation could override other considerations that might have more relevance to the job at hand. Another perceptual error is selective perception, which describes how we categorize and interpret information in a way that favors one category or interpretation over another. There are a variety of reasons why individuals are susceptible to selective perception, but it stems from a personââ¬â¢s prior experiences ââ¬â relating known information to the current circumstance. Selective perception usually perpetuates stereotypes and halo-effect. The final error is projection, where an individualââ¬â¢s current emotional state tends to influence the perception of others. It is generally a defense mechanism intended to protect an individualââ¬â¢s self-concept. For example, if Chris previously had someone who poorly cut his lawn and Matt looked like him, Chris may consider Mattââ¬â¢s services undesirable. 3) The challenges that come from multiparty negotiations Multiparty negotiations occur when more than two parties are working together to achieve an objective. Overall, increasing the number of negotiators creates complexity and multiple priorities andShow MoreRelatedIntegrative Negotiation1356 Words à |à 6 PagesIntegrative Negotiation By MGT 5193.E2 February 16, 2011 Definition of Integrative bargaining states that; it is a negotiation between the parties when the parties are not experiencing a direct conflict over an issue and they want to be benefitted from discussions(Negotiations betweena unionâ⬠¦,n.d.). Integrative negotiation is a process in which the partyââ¬â¢s goal is to develop a result which is benefitted to both of them. Integrative bargaining is also known as win-winRead MoreIntegrative and Distributive Negotiations1059 Words à |à 5 PagesIntegrative and Distributive Bargaining Whether a negotiation involves working together toward a goal or working against one another to win, each party must use a strategy to reach a solution. The differences of distributive bargaining and integrative bargaining are parallel. The ways in which one method is competitive and the other is cooperative is described and related to a well-known case involving basketball player Juwan Howard. Distributive Bargaining In a competitive bargaining situationRead MoreNegotiation Is A Process Of Interpersonal Decision Making Essay1405 Words à |à 6 PagesNegotiation is defined as a dialogue between two or more parties or people indenting to reach an outcome or resolve a conflict. It may also be defined as a process of interpersonal decision making. There are two approaches to negotiation such as Distributive and Integrative negotiation approaches. The integrative negotiation is described as a set of tactics which are applied so as to improve both quality and likelihood of the negotiation process. It is also termed as interest based or principledRead MoreDifference Between Distributive And Mediation1526 Words à |à 7 Pagesmeaning of distributive bargaining and mediation with several key features of each strategy. The main differences between distributive and mediation in dispute resolution will elaborate further in this paper. Further, advantages and disadvantages of both strategies will also listed below attached with examples of implying each approach that will use in different situations. Findings and argument explained below can generalize into a short summery, not many scholars will suggest to use distributive approachRead MoreIntegrative Bargaining1736 Words à |à 7 Pagesdemonstrate that integrative bargaining can and should be used as an effective tool for negotiations in situations where unequal bargaining power e xist. It has been defined for this essay that integrative bargaining is the process of defining goals that allow both sides to achieve their objectives, and engage in a process that permits both parties to maximize their objectives (Lewicki, 2007). Integrative bargaining can be used as an effective strategy to manoeuvre out from under superior bargaining power beingRead MoreThe Problem Of Distributive Bargaining795 Words à |à 4 PagesOpposing interests, exchange of goods or service, and terms of agreements, are but a few reasons conflict can arise between parties. These controversies can stem from business or personal relationships, and be held in formal or informal settings, but all require some form of resolution in order to satisfy or assuage the parties involved. Negotiation, or bargaining, is a common method used to obtain resolution. A variety of strategies can be employed in this process, some with more favorable outcomesRead MoreBusiness Law ( Negotiation And Conflict Management )1525 Words à |à 7 PagesAmir Salar Tavangar Business Law (Negotiation and Conflict Management) Work Assignment #1 September 10, 2015 Fall 2015 Negotiation is a method by which people settle differences. As our book describes ââ¬Å"it is also a form of decision making in which two or more parties talk to one another as opposing their opposing interestâ⬠. Therefore, each negation has to have a certain components in order to be qualified as negotiation. First, there should be at least two or more than two parties that have a disagreementRead MoreNegotiation Strategy Article Analysis1105 Words à |à 5 Pagesin the work setting. Negotiation Articles The first article is from is from eTurboNews (2010), which is a global travel industry news periodical. The title of the article is ââ¬Å"American Airlines union pushes for strike.â⬠The negotiation is between American Airlines and the Transport Workers Union that represents the mechanics and other ground workers at American Airlines. The union represents 28,000 workers at American and its regional arm, American Eagle. The strategy that the unionRead MoreThe Role of Negotiation in Conflict Resolution Essay examples1516 Words à |à 7 Pagesthat conflict is essential characteristics of organisational life. Role of manager is paramount with regard to negotiating the conflict that arises in organisational life (http://www.sagepub.com/). Often lack of effective and direct communication between the employees or employees and management are major contributory factor towards the organisational conflict. Failure of manger to establish direct communication with the employees can be also regarded as principle factor behind the organisationalRead MoreNegotiation by Lewicki1690 Words à |à 7 Pagesand negotiation. Part Two examines the processes of communication, persuasion, and ethical judgment. Part Three explores external influences on negotiations, including the social context, coalition or group participation, individual personality differences, and cultural factors. The final chapters discuss w ays for parties and third-parties to address breakdowns in the negotiation process. The text includes a bibliography and a comprehensive index. Negotiation Basics The negotiation situation is
Thursday, May 14, 2020
Gloria Anzalduas How To Tame A Wild Tongue - 1895 Words
Identity as the ââ¬Å"condition or character as to who a person or what a thing is; the qualities, beliefs, etc., that distinguish or identify a person or thingâ⬠(Dictionary.com). This could refer to name, gender, sexual orientation, oneââ¬â¢s profession, race, ethnicity, and the list stretches beyond. Is it birth, by choice, or by evolution of events? In Gloria Anzalduaââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"How to Tame a Wild Tongueâ⬠, Jhumpa Lahiriââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"Teach Yourself Italianâ⬠, and Zadie Smithââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"Speaking in Tonguesâ⬠, each author writes about their experiences with languages and all have lived through different events which has led them to their definitions of identity. What they all have in common is that they define identity not as something defined by birth, by determined byâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Chicanos are unique to their place, and their surroundings. Their culture is slowly built up from their surroundings, and who they encounter. For A nzaldua, she proudly displays her heritage and her Chicana identity despite the negativity she has received. However, in comparison to Anzalduaââ¬â¢s definition of identity through her heritage, Zadie Smithââ¬â¢s concept of identity is rooted in her concept of voice, as seen in her piece, ââ¬Å"Speaking in Tonguesâ⬠. She writes, ââ¬Å"We feel that our voices are who we are, and that to have more than one, or to use different versions of a voice for different occasions, represents, at best, a Janus-faced duplicity, and at worst, the loss of our very soulsâ⬠(Smith 133). Unlike Anzaldua who held onto her identity as a Chicana, Smithââ¬â¢s voice changed from Willesden to a voice from Cambridge. Though the change in her voice was not one that was expected, she has realized it has also become her identity. And while she admits she has lost the voice she was born with and regrets not keeping that voice alive, it is difficult to say that she has completely lost that part of her identity. Being able to once speak in that voice, is what allowed her to travel to that crowded New York bar even in her fancy outfit. Having a voice or being part of that cultural voice, is part of oneââ¬â¢s identity. While Smith and Anzaldua may define identity through a culture or a voice, Jhumpa Lahiri, herself, had a different experience. Rather for Lahiri, she helps the readerShow MoreRelatedGloria Anzalduas How To Tame A Wild Tongue1020 Words à |à 5 Pages(Marilyn vos Savant). Within the short text ââ¬Å"How to Tame a Wild Tongue,â⬠this idea is explored in numerous ways as the various groups of people attempt to gain more rights within their community and society as a whole. They come to the realization that the ways in which they are treated is in an unjust manner. Others treated them as if they are insignificant and powerless. Therefore, in Gloria Anzalduaââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"How to Tame a Wild Tongue,â⬠she confronts how many Hispanic minorities, especially women, areRead MoreTame A Wild Tongue Summary1113 Words à |à 5 Pagesanalysis of ââ¬Å"How to tame a wild tongue ââ¬Å" Activist, Gloria Anzalduaââ¬â¢s narrative excerpt ââ¬Å"How to tame a wild tongueâ⬠She Goes into depth of ethnic identity, While knocking down walls of linguistic and identity down. How one would identify themselves while broadcasting the struggles any person with culture has felt. She uses ethos, pathos, and logos alongside all 5 senses making the reader feel they witness the struggles she went through if not witness then actually experienced. Anzalduaââ¬â¢s purpose isRead MoreTaming Anzalduas Contact Zone Analysis984 Words à |à 4 Pagesgroup has its high and low points, and it is just as important to learn about the low points as it is to learn about the highs. Gloria Anzalduaââ¬â¢s essay, ââ¬Å"how to tame a wild tongueâ⬠, focuses on the ideas of losing an accent or native language to conform to the dominant culture. Anzaldua grew up in the United States but spoke mostly Spanish, however, her essay discusses how the elements of language began to define her identity and culture. She was living in an English speaking environment, but wasRead MoreThe Negative Impact of Bilangual Education1216 Words à |à 5 Pageshave lasting impacts on individuals, hence, Richard Rodriguez, in his book ââ¬Å"Achievement of Desireâ⬠, addresses his struggles as a young boy, trying to adapt to a bilingual education and how that education alienated him from his uneducated Mexican parents. Additionally in the excerpts ââ¬Å"How to Tame a Wild Tongue,â⬠Gloria Anzaldua, while she mainly focuses on the language of ââ¬Å"Mexicanâ⬠people in different aspects, also mentions her strife as a bilingual student. Although these two stories are differentRead MoreAnalysis Of How To Tame A Wild Tongue1713 Words à |à 7 Pages In ââ¬Å"How to Tame a Wild Tongueâ⬠by Gloria Anzaldua, she speaks from personal experiences she grows up with while living as a Chicana in the United States. Throughout her life she was subjected to being oppressed because of her native language. From a very young age she felt as if she was not allowed to express and acknowledge herself while speaking Spanish. Anzaldua believes that ââ¬Å"If you want to really hurt me, talk bad about my language. Ethnic identity is twin skin to linguistic identity ââ¬â I amRead MoreBecoming Members of Society: Learning the Social Meanings of Gender (Devor1029 Words à |à 5 Pagesof ethnic identity as unfortunate by-products. The Xicano (Chicano) was able to evolve and retain their cultural identity and ethnicity by creating a border dialect or language (a Patois) which supports the view of the essayist Gloria Anzalduaââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"How to Tame a Wild Tongue.â⬠This dialect is viewed as sub-cultured jargon in their homeland (Mex ico) where Standard Mexican Spanish is spoken and the Working Class English is demanded by their adopted host north of the border, America. Ultimately, the appropriationRead MoreAnzalduas Struggle with Language1502 Words à |à 7 Pagesââ¬Å"How to Tame a Wild Tongueâ⬠Gloria Anzaldua, the author of ââ¬Å"How to Tame a Wild Tongue,â⬠expresses a very strong tie that she has to her native language. Anzaldua grew up in the United States, but spoke mostly Spanish. She did not speak the normal form of Spanish though; she spoke Chicano Spanish, a language very close to her heart. The text focuses on the idea of her losing her home accent, or tongue, to conform to the environment she is growing up in. From a very young age, Anzaldua knowsRead MoreHow A Wild Tongue By Gloria Anzaldua1236 Words à |à 5 Pagesslowly developing a more accepting attitude toward differences, several minority groups continue to suffer from cultural oppression. In her essay ââ¬Å"How to Tame a Wild Tongue,â⬠Gloria Anzaldà ºa explores the challenges encountered by these groups. She especially focuses on her people, the Chicanos, and describes the difficulties she faced practicing her mother tongue. She argues that for many years, the dominant American culture has silenced their language. She claims that by forcing them to speak EnglishRead MoreReading Response For A Wild Tongue970 Words à |à 4 Pagesresponse to ââ¬Å"How to Tame a Wild Tongue,â⬠by Gloria Anzaldua. In Gloria Anzalduaââ¬â¢s 1987 article, ââ¬Å"How to Tame a Wild Tongue,â⬠she expresses some of the cultural struggles and lifestyles of the central American culture that Americans do not think about, let alone know about. She starts off illustrating an experience she had at the dentist office which triggered many thoughts and feelings about her culture. The Dentist claimed her tongue was ââ¬Å"strong and stubborn,â⬠in other words, ââ¬Å"you need to tame your tongueRead MoreEssays: Spanish Language1643 Words à |à 7 PagesChildhood we see how the author struggles to find his public identity and in Gloria Anzaldà ºas, How to Tame a Wild Tongue we see how the writer shows that a person should not be viewed any less of because of the language they speak. In the end, a bilingual person often loses part of their identity when coming to a new country because they are slowly losing their form of communication Often the language you speak can bring people together. Rodriguez, in his essay, talks about how speaking Spanish
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
The Basis Of Hume s Theory - 1398 Words
The basis of Humeââ¬â¢s essay is in regards to aesthetics, he offers his definition of the ââ¬Å"standard of tasteâ⬠from the standpoint of even the best critics. Throughout the essay, Hume reaches his conclusion by ââ¬Å"both his characterization of the appreciative response and by his particular way of drawing the distinction between the subjective and the objective,â⬠(Carroll). From the beginning of the essay, it is noticed that Humeââ¬â¢s theory is representative of a paradox. He states, ââ¬Å"The great variety of Taste, as well as of opinion, which prevails in the world, is too obvious not to have fallen under every oneââ¬â¢s observation,â⬠(Hume 103). Taste and opinion are almost synonymous here, everyone has their own preference which is apparent when it comes time for judgement. The first portion of the paradox refers to the subjectivity individuals tend to place upon objects or works that are being viewed. Individuals holding a higher level of kno wledge towards the subject are further prone to have distinguishable tastes rather than someone with a lack of knowledge, while people that hold prejudices in their mind will be incapable of having an open mind. It is easy for someone to deem something as hideous if it is unfamiliar just as it is easy to be arrogant and possessive of what is known to be true. Furthermore, Hume elaborates on the importance of language, he ââ¬Å"argues that much of the apparent agreement in aesthetic discourse is based on a linguistic mirage,â⬠(Carroll). There are obviousShow MoreRelatedExistence Through Our Senses : Hegel s Theory Of Life1099 Words à |à 5 Pagesà à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à Existence Through Our Senses Hegelââ¬â¢s argued that the creation of life is based on phenomenology and that the nature of life is based on our senses. He argues that it is more than just phenomena, it s complex phenomena.Without the mind, we would not have existed in the world and without knowledge we would not be able to survive. à Our body communicates with our mind and without our mind we would not be able to function , we would not be able to survive without knowledge eitherRead MoreImmanuel Kant And Kant On Morality1097 Words à |à 5 Pagessocieties. Examples would be donââ¬â¢t cheat, donââ¬â¢t steal, and treat others as you would want to be treated. When dealing with the philosophers take on morality, there are two which are usually compared to one another, Immanuel Kant and David Hume. Immanuel Kant had many theories throughout his philosophical time. Here are some of his ethical works, Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals (1785), the Critique of Practical Reason (1788), and the Metaphys ics of Morals (1797), which contains both ââ¬Å"the DoctrineRead MoreInto The Woods By Stephen Sondheim Essay1612 Words à |à 7 Pagesdecisions that play a very important role throughout the play and the field of ethics. In fact, philosophers such as Immanuel Kant and David Humeââ¬â philosophers that extensibly contributed with ethical views regarding respect and dignityââ¬â may agree or disagree with the ethical decisions taken by the characters on specific instances. In fact, Kant and Hume have developed a set of views that determine what is right and wrong; very useful to decide whether or not the Bakerââ¬â¢s decisions are ethicallyRead MoreAnalysis Of John Locke, George Berkeley And David Hume1657 Words à |à 7 Pagesthinking assuming that all human knowledge arises originally from sense-experiences. John Locke, George Berkeley and David Hume are most notably known for the branch of empirical philosophy. Philosopher David Hume discusses what he believes are â⠬Å"bundles of perception.â⬠He argues that we can never experience the objective world and alternatively only observe patterns. According to Hume, there are two methods used to detect these patterns, unit and continuity and causality. Casualty is defined as a relationshipRead MoreKant vs Aristotle1314 Words à |à 6 Pagesthemselves a trench in the philosophical world. We can see the biggest distinction between the two in their theories of how we know things exist. The traditions of Plato and Aristotle have been dubbed rationalism and empiricism respectively. Under these traditions many well known philosophers have formed their own theories of God, existence and the material world. Through these individual theories I will show how each fits into the category of either Rationalist or Imperialist. The Plutonian philosophersRead MoreKant s Philosophy Of Philosophy1220 Words à |à 5 Pagescentury, the world was just reeling from the philosophical teachings of David Hume, when Im manuel Kantââ¬âFather of Western philosophyââ¬âentered the picture. Kantââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"central question was whether metaphysicsââ¬âas the science of being itselfââ¬âobjects as they exist fundamentally and independently of our perceptions and interpretations, is possibleâ⬠(Richards 1). It is said that Kant was sent to rescue philosophy from the hands of Hume. After consulting Humeââ¬â¢s works, however, Kant came to the ââ¬Å"conclusion that metaphysicsRead MoreKarl Popper And The Scientific Method1372 Words à |à 6 Pagesformulate a law or theory. Popper rejected the inductivist viewpoint in favor of a theory called empirical falsification which holds that a theory can never be proven, but it can be falsified, and therefore it can and needs to be scrutinized through experimentation. In his work ââ¬Å"Conjectures and Refutations,â⬠Popper discussed several aspects of induction including the topics of conjectures (opinions or conclusions formed on the basis of incomplete information) or tentative theories and refutationsRead MoreThe Design Argument for the Existence of God Essay920 Words à |à 4 PagesThe Design Argument for the Existence of God While theology may take Gods existence as absolutely necessary on the basis of authority, faith, or discovery, many philosophers have thought it possible to demonstrate by reason that there must be a God. The teleological argument, also known as the argument from design quite simply states that a designer must exist since the universe and living things display elements of design in their order, consistency, unity and patternRead MoreAlfred Jules Ayers Language, Truth and Logic, the Major Thesis on Logical Positivism of its Time982 Words à |à 4 Pages Reilly - Notes). In this sense, cognitively meaningful is defined as either true or false. Analytic is defined as either mathematical or logical, and empirically verifiable is accepted if the statement can be proven either true or false on the basis of experience. So, a verificationist is someone who adheres to the verification principle proposed by A.J. Ayer in Language, Truth and Logic (Verificationism). The great debate amongst verificationist was whether the empirical observation itselfRead MoreDescartes s Theory Of Knowledge1834 Words à |à 8 PagesDescartes theorized that in order to acquire knowledge, there essentially is some rational technique for attaining it, and that the expenditure of the senses, or any other individual capability was not a dependable basis. In his third meditation he says, ââ¬Å"I know that even b odies are not perceived by the senses, or by the faculty of imagination, but by the intellect alone (69). As a rationalist Descartes supposed that this withstood identically for everyone, that all people have rational learned concepts
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
Ethics for Handbook of Artificial Intelligence -myassignmenthelp.com
Question: Discuss about theEthics for Handbook of Artificial Intelligence. Answer: Introduction The assignment focuses on the ethical analysis of artificial Intelligence (AI). The specific ethical question that arises in artificial intelligences is discussed in this study. AI is the ability of robot or digital computer to perform task that is generally linked to intelligent beings. This is mainly applied to developing system project endowed with intellectual processes features of humans. The ethics of AI refers to the part of ethics of technology particular to robots as well as other artificial intelligent beings (Bostrom and Yudkowsky 2014). Recent development in AI raises lots of ethical issues within the enterprise. The significance of ethical problem and facts relevant to the ethical questions is also explained in this assignment. The study also reflects on the assumptions required to fill the gaps in information relevant to this ethical questions. Furthermore, ethical act relating to ethical questions is also elucidated in this assignment. Ethical questions that arise in artificial intelligence While the developments in technology lead to increase in AI, it raises some of ethical questions. One of the ethical questions that arise in AI is How does privacy co-exists with the powered sensors of AI? Importance of specific ethical problem Ethical issues have become highly complex with advancement in AI over the last few years. Most AI application basically requires large volumes of data for learning as well as making intelligent decisions (Brey 2012). This ethical problem has huge importance as it has been evident from recent study that privacy of data has been affected by application as well as development of AI. The rise in cyber attacks in present years leads to explosion of penetrations in network, personal data theft and spread of computer viruses. Recently it has been seen from some facts that rapid advancement in AI is increasing risk to the business. This is because malicious users exploit new technology for mounting automated hacking attacks (Gunkel 2012). It has been found by some researchers that malicious utilization of AI in business poses huge threats to physical, political and digital security (Pistono and Yampolskiy 2016). Hence, this ethical problem is required to be analyzed by the innovators of tech nology in order to reduce the risk in business. Key facts that is relevant to the analysis of ethical question Some of the key facts that are relevant to the analysis of ethical questions are given below: Few health related devices which take benefits of AI poses significant threat in terms of privacy. Most of the enterprises give out Fitbits for gathering data about the workers, which is mainly utilized for insurance purposes. Implementation of AI coexisting with this device might reveal the heath condition that the employers do not know about it (Bostrom and Yudkowsky 2014). Media enterprises also faces several threats regarding privacy of new distribution challenges and matching content with increasing customer base. Telecom enterprises also face huge management problems as AI reveals some information regarding changing of suppliers, engagement of new customers and so on. Although AIs application to the finance such as Turbo Tax, Mint has been upending the financial institutions, it applications might pose threat to the accountants regarding revealing of confidential data (Helbing et al. 2017). Although integration of machines leaning algorithms into analytics as well as CRM platforms uncover information for serving customers in better way, it poses threats to the business in terms of privacy. As application of AI in education automates grading, provides educators huge time, assess students and help the educators work at own pace, the tutors might take illegal steps in educating the students by using this tool. Assumptions that are required to fill gaps in publically available information relevant to ethical problem The two assumptions that are required to fill gaps in the information available relevant to this ethical problem are given below: Involving as well as educating all sectors of the community relating to some facts of AI Shaping AI friendly environment for the people and people friendly environment for AI might also help to fill the gap. Ethical act central to ethical question by forecasting positive and negative consequences Creating skills that is compatible with AI will facilitate to create as well as maintain health system in job. AI helps to improve the systems of automation in the business as it easily automates routine processes. In addition to this, it also helps the business to found databases and processes several points. Apart from this, it also facilitates the business to increase virtual assistance (Russell and Norvig 2016). On the other hand, as privacy of data remains a huge ethical problem for the businesses, AI machines increases the risk of human jobs and also reduces employment. As AI machines do not have emotions as well as moral values, they cannot replicate humans. However, these machines cannot make any business decisions and also breakdowns in certain situations. As a result, ethical argument regarding AI still continues in the present decades. Ethical conclusion comparing positive and negative consequences Although present AI provides several ethical issues in the businesses, it facilitates in solving several critical problems. The applications as well as problems of AI benefit the business by creating different procedure and work systems with higher accuracy. In addition, development of AI has significant advantage on the way enterprises operate their workplace. People require to be the part of development for AI to facilitate augment human ingenuity as well as create culture depending on collaboration (Russell 2015). Advent of AI machines help the business to reduce errors and increase efficiency in business. One the other hand, the negative consequences of AI involves- increasing in unemployment as the enterprise cuts down on human workforce, adverse impact on humanity and so on. However, defining specific set of principles as well as values would guide to further development of AI and solve ethical problems relating to this in future. References Bostrom, N. and Yudkowsky, E., 2014. The ethics of artificial intelligence.The Cambridge handbook of artificial intelligence, pp.316-334. Brey, P.A., 2012. Anticipating ethical issues in emerging IT.Ethics and Information Technology,14(4), pp.305-317. Gunkel, D.J., 2012.The machine question: critical perspectives on AI, robots, and ethics. MIT Press. Helbing, D., Frey, B.S., Gigerenzer, G., Hafen, E., Hagner, M., Hofstetter, Y., van den Hoven, J., Zicari, R.V. and Zwitter, A., 2017. Will democracy survive big data and artificial intelligence.Scientific American,25. Helbing, D., Frey, B.S., Gigerenzer, G., Hafen, E., Hagner, M., Hofstetter, Y., van den Hoven, J., Zicari, R.V. and Zwitter, A., 2017. Will democracy survive big data and artificial intelligence.Scientific American,25. Pistono, F. and Yampolskiy, R.V., 2016. Unethical research: How to create a malevolent artificial intelligence.arXiv preprint arXiv:1605.02817. Russell, S., 2015. Ethics of artificial intelligence.Nature,521(7553), pp.415-416. Russell, S.J. and Norvig, P., 2016.Artificial intelligence: a modern approach. Malaysia; Pearson Education Limited,.
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